Civilian Casualties By Turkish and Iranian Military Operations | 1991-2024

This report collates, documents, and verifies the immediate harm to the civilian population—death and injury—caused by Turkish and Iranian military operations inside Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the broader impact on civilian life. Extensive military operations by the Turkish and Iranian military forces have resulted in forced displacement, environmental damage, the destruction of civilian infrastructure, and socioeconomic hardship. Casualties mainly occur during a broad range of civilian activities, including income generation (such as agriculture, animal husbandry, foraging, subsistence entrepreneurship, etc.), recreation (communal and family visits, celebrations, picnics, tourism), or simply being at home. As a result, since 1991, Turkish and Iranian military operations have caused 845 civilian casualties (425 killed and 420 injured), 15 non-belligerent casualties (10 killed and 5 injured), and 8 non-combatant casualties (8 killed) inside Iraqi Kurdistan.

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